The United States Current Drug Policy - 882 Words

Introduction Among highly developed nations, the United States is known for its stringent illegal drug use policy and the high percentages of its population that have consumed illegal substances. The United States has issued a drug war against millions of Americans who use and sell illegal substances. This war has cost taxpayers billions annually and continues to contribute to an incarceration rate that surpasses any other country (Walmsley 2009). Although, stringent policies have lowered the decline in U.S drug consumption since the 1970’s, the war on drugs in the United States has not succeeded in changing America from being the world leaders in use rates for illegal drugs. In order to find an alternative to the United States current drug policy, it is helpful to look at the current options. Governments typically take three broad approaches toward drugs. The first is legalization, in which possession and sale are lawful but still subject to regulation and taxation. The seco nd is criminalization, which consists of the banning of possession and sale with criminal punishment (i.e incarceration). Lastly, there is the combination of the two—where sale and possession are prohibited, yet possession is punishable only by sanctions, such as fines or abuse treatment but not jail time. For the purpose of this analysis, the illegal drugs that will be referenced are marijuana and cocaine, seeing as they are the most prevalent drugs associated with the war on drugs. The issues inShow MoreRelatedNew Rehab Programs Should Be Introduced1420 Words   |  6 Pages Since the start of the Drug War, which was the motion to use more policing in order to end the illicit drug market, the amount of arrests have increased for drug possession. Rehab programs in state and federal prisons have helped people overcome their addiction and relapse. The same way that King Leonidas in the graphic novel, 300, went about his Spartan initiation, it portrays the way a drug addict tries to overcome their addiction. By continuing to arrest people for substance abuse, it makesRead MoreTraffic : The Post Modern Civil War1639 Words   |  7 Pagesentangled in the Mexican cartel war, during a drug bust of one of the cartels. The second story in the movie is about a conservative federal judge in Ohio who has been appointed by the President to the position of director of the Office of National Drug Policy, or the United States Drug Czar. The judge’s daughter is slipping into drug addiction during his turnover process. The third story is about two Drug Enforcement Agents that bust a dealer in the United States that is working as the main distributorRead MoreTreatment Programs in the United States799 Words   |  4 PagesReview, another set of mistaken assumptions underlies current policy regarding...mandatory drug treatment, offered by the courts as an alternative to imprisonment, is an effective and enlightened policy (Fish, 2013). Fish (2013) attempted to convey to the readers, the absolute necessity of overhauling current United States policies regarding drug treatment. Several topics were touched upon, including the foundational policies of the War on Drugs as well as competing treatment paradigms. RegardingRead MoreThe Flawed Drug Policy of America1691 Words   |  7 PagesFlawed Drug Policy Introduction: As a major policy issue in the United States, the War on Drugs has been one of the most monumental failures on modern record. At a cost of billions of taxpayer dollars, thousands of lives lost and many thousands of others ruined by untreated addiction or incarceration, Americas policy orientation concerning drug laws is due for reconsideration. Indeed, the very philosophical orientation of the War on Drugs and of the current drug policy in the United States has beenRead MoreUnited States Drug Policy1302 Words   |  6 PagesUS Drug Policy Introduction Drug policy is a crucial topic in the country today. Substance abuse, as well as drug-related crime rates, are a huge problem. This is a fact. The way to fix the problem of substance abuse, however, is widely disagreed upon. Some think that stricter laws regarding drug possession and use would solve the problem, while others believe that loosening the restrictions would be a better option. The issue of legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is one that is debated allRead MoreIllegal Drug Use1378 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Illegal drug use and abuse remains a pervasive social issue despite significant efforts to quell its existence. In fact, a recent report released by the RAND Corporation (2005) notes that drug abuse has become such a prominent social issue that substantial increases in prison populations all across the United States have been attributed to the tougher sentences that have been put in place for drug users. With the realization that current social policies toward reducing drug abuse are not working—onlyRead MoreHow Congress Has Influenced Our Current Ineffective Drug Policy1521 Words   |  7 Pagesnation s general drug history and look critically at how Congress has influenced our current ineffective drug policy. Through this analysis I hope to show that drug prohibition policies in the United States, for the most part, have failed. Additionally, I will highlight and evaluate the influences acting on individual legislators decisions to continue support for these ineffective po licies as a more general demonstration of Congress role in the formation of our nation s drug policy strategy. FinallyRead MoreDrugs And Its Effect On Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe official definition of drugs is a substance which has a physiological effect when introduced to the body. Drugs have been a part of human culture since the beginning of recorded history. People have use drugs for all sorts of reasons whether it is for a religious mind altering ritual, to save someone’s life or just to make themselves feel better, and they are still widely prevalent in today’s culture. We all know someone who currently partakes in drugs whether they choose to share that informationRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana1667 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis, otherwise known as marijuana, is a way of preparing the marijuana plant so that it can be used as medicine or a psychoactive drug. It is the most extensively banned drug in Britain. However, many local societi es and organizations advocate a reform of its validity. These include NORML UK, UKCSC Drug Equality Alliance, as well as Cannabis Law Reform. Other societies such as the Centre for Social Justice and Skunk Sense argue in favour of cannabis remaining illegal (UK Government, 2014). ThereRead MoreEffects Of Prohibition On The United States1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been actively engaged in a ‘war’ for nearly 25 years. At the heart of this struggle is the fundamental question: Is this a battle the United States can win? Many sources, such as whitehouse.gov, make the claim that drug laws are working Instead, it has created a military police force, reinforced a violent black market, discouraged safe drug usage, and done little to actually reduce drug use. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, the United States has

The Rise Of Social Media - 1261 Words

The Rise of Social Media and Changes in Human Communication Over the past decade the use of social media has become a routine part of everyday life for people all over the world. These various forms of media, which include social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, media sharing sites such as Instagram and blogs have provided a new venue where people can express their opinions, ideas and experiences. Consequently, new phenomena and issues have arisen out of their increased use. The popularization of social media has dramatically changed the ways we can communicate, interact and socialize with one another. More specifically, its existence has affected how we communicate and with whom we communicate our opinions, ideas and experience. The significant role that social media has begun to play in peoples lives warrants investigation into its influences and impacts on our outward social behavior. As a result sociologists have begun to investigate how these various social platforms may contribute to patterns of human behavior by focusing on social interactions between people online. One thing sociological researchers have begun to consider is how social perceptions of a particular topic impact their social behavior and social media use. Facebook has become a platform in which people can convey their experiences, feelings towards specific social events and opinions on stigmatizing or controversial topics. However, how people choose to do so may depend on the environmentShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Social Media1248 Words   |  5 Pagesand getting the customer service culture right can make or break a business. The rise of social media There are around 7.2 billion people on the planet and nearly 3 billion are active on the Internet. From this vast audience, around 2.1 billion users are on social media and nearly 1.7 billion of them are active on these platforms. Furthermore, the most recent survey by Pew Research showed that over half of social media users are now using multiple platforms and older generations are quickly increasingRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media1845 Words   |  8 PagesThe rise of social media creates powerful new opportunities to communicate with colleagues, distributors, customers and the world. Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and others are the emerging core of digital reputations both for Red Lion and its employees. Because social media can blend personal and professional lives, it’s important to exercise caution in using social media both at work and outside work. While new social media platforms are emerging and old platformsRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Apps1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe rise of Social Media and apps have promised to connect people together, to unite the public in an intricate community of billions of individuals, sharing their experiences through Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, and more. However, the creators left a valid point out of their presentation. Social Media, though easily accessible and quick to latch onto, is seamlessly taking away normal â€Å"social† interactions. Social Media is not social because there is no physical relationship, there isRead MoreThe Rise Of The Internet And Social Media974 Words   |  4 Pagesthe heart of marketing, the core function is to create and deliver value to the consumer. The rise of the internet has seen the rise of the global consumer. Meaning businesses are not restricted by geographical location, increasing the speed and amount of potential customers wi thin markets, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity for marketers. However since the rise of the internet and social media, Poiesz and van Raaij (2007) state that in increasingly crowded markets, and increasingly sophisticatedRead MoreThe Rise Of Internet And Social Media911 Words   |  4 PagesMain body The twenty first century has seen a huge rise in the power and use of digital communication compared to previous decades; we undoubtedly now live in a digital world, but at what cost? What if any are the implications of this fast paced and ever changing technology on society as a whole? It’s hard for people today to imagine a world without email or mobile phones, or Facebook and Twitter, or to imagine the days when to speak to someone meant having to write a letter or send a telegram. 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Whats behind his revolution in how social networks are changing marketingRead MoreSocial Media Experience : The Rise Of Facebook2729 Words   |  11 Pages Social Media Experience: The Rise of Facebook Research Report CCT208: Writing and Research Methods in Communication Tiffany Wong 1000691593 Professor Divya Maharajh April 8th, 2015 Abstract In this project, quantitative research was conducted to provide students and adults in our community data on how the frequent use of posting or viewing Facebook correlate to one’s emotions of narcissism or loneliness. The study was conducted to understand the motivationsRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media And Its Impact On The Feminism Movement Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages Media Research Literature Review The rise of Social Media and its impact on the Feminism Movement Abstract: The new media Internet, social media platforms, has been an increasingly popular tool for feminists to promote the feminism movement. With the broad reach of the internet and social media, this has led to a wider awareness of the feminist movement. The broad reach of the internet and social media however has also open the female gender to various levels of objectificationRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 PagesWORKING PAPER e rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism: A study of how newspapers and broadcasters in the UK and US are responding to a wave of participatory social media, and a historic shi in control towards individual consumers. Nic Newman September 2009 Contents Executive summary and key conclusions 1. Framing the debate 2. Mainstream media motivations, doubts and dilemmas 2.1 Definitions and motivations 2.2 BBC 2.3 Guardian and Telegraph 2.4 New York TimesRead MoreHow Has The Rise Of Social Media Changed The Public Sphere?3148 Words   |  13 PagesApril 2015 Essay Question: How has the rise of social media changed the public sphere? The Internet has been changing the world since it is created. As a part of new media, social media is a fundamental shift in the way we communicate. It has been helped to create a digital global village that 26% of the world’s population is using social media and the number is keep increasing. (Qualman, 2013) This essay will attempt to discuss how has the social media changed the public sphere, mainly focus on

Multinational Economic Organization Plans -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multinational Economic Organization Plans? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task to provide a brief overview of the activities of the company Carsales initiated to gain success in the target market. Carsales is one of largest automotive, motorcycle and marine classifieds company in Australia. The below mentioned details answers the questions of the given in case study. Strategic approach of Carsales Strategic management approach refers to the approach under which an organization implements and formulates action plan formed by the management in such a way that the company gains success. This type of approach helps an organization to evaluate and assess both internal and external factor and mold them in such a way that efficiency is achieved for the company. Carsales adequately created and implied the strategic management approach in their business process so as to achieve success in the target market (Robbins, et. al., 2016). Relating it to the case study, it shall be noted that the organization Carsales was originated with a motive to make car sales classified ad online. The CEO of the company noticed that all the ads for the selling of motor vehicles were made on newspapers like The Trading Post etc. but Greg wanted to sell all these cars through online ads. So, with that motive, he founded the organization Carsales which helped people to post ads online on internet. Adding to it he also strategically created goals and vision which assisted the company in implementing the strategic approach in the business. The organization analyzed the factors which can strategically affect the growth of the company in a positive way and how the management can initiate it in their process (Peppard, and Ward 2016). Further, the goal which the company developed was to compete with the biggest firm present in industry of car sale classified ads; apart from this, the company also aimed to post ads of approx. 3000 cars on t heir website. But the company received acceptance and profits from the market more than they actually expected (Fennis, and Stroebe 2015). After creating the vision and mission for the company, the management started the role of evaluation of market feature which the company can use to satisfy the business activities implemented by them. The fact that came to know that internet was not prevalent at that time and very few people used the internet; so the company aimed to target that small segment of the market only (Bart, Stephen, and Sarvary 2014). The company also targeted to increase the satisfaction level of the customers in such a way that people do not prefer another organization after using the services of their organization. The activities of the company were initiated with a motive to simply improve quality, quantity, and consistency in the information provided for car ads. With this motive, the organization then strategically developed three unique selling points of the organization on the basis of which they will gain competence in the target market (Pearlson, Saunders, and Galletta 2016). First USP was the implementation of the innovative business model used by them. Looking forward to the opportunities which the company can gain by shifting their business online, the model explained that, the company shall post the classified ads online. This improved model helped both, customers and company to gain an advantage. Also, the organization initiated flat fee. Flat fee model refers to the process under which the customer will pay a fee for the ads only when a person buys the car through their website. This process improved the authenticity and trust of customers on the activities of the company (Dudin, et. al., 2015). Also, it helped the company to create a differential position in the market. Second USP of the company tells about the technical specification available to them which they can use to create high-quality ads that can help people to search for the cars according to their requirement. This can increase the satisfaction level of customers as well. Lastly, the th ird USP is the implementation of innovation in the business activities so as to increase the satisfaction level of the customers. This process of the company helped them in maintaining sustainability in the business along with attainment of competitive edge in the target market. Thus, with the initiation of all such strategic activities, the company adequately fulfilled the vision of the organization which subsequently implemented the strategic approach in the business (Frow, et. al., 2015). Competitive advantage earned by Carsales Competitive advantage refers to the activities of gaining appreciation in the target market. Competitive advantage can be gained by an organization by successfully satisfying services to the customers present in the market; also, it is not easy for a company to gain a competitive advantage in the target market. The organizations shall now focus on sustaining the competitive advantage gained in the target market. Further sustainability in the competitive advantage helps an organization to create their space in the target market and sustain that image in the market. Advantage by an organization can be achieved by focusing on three major aspects namely cost leadership, focus, and differentiation. An organization can easily attain leadership by implementing these aspects in the process (Pisano 2015). Cost leadership refers to the process of presenting the product and services in the market at low costs as compared to the cost which the competitors are offering. Low costs of the products and services will help the company to increase the satisfaction level of the customer at they will provide optimum services at low prices which subsequently increase the interest of customers in the activities of the company. Focus refers to the strategy of maintaining the focus on a particular activity of the company. This activity helps the company to provide effectiveness in their process by focusing on a specific function of the organization. Lastly, the differentiation process helps the company to create differentiation in the products and services offered by the company (Nonaka, and Toyama 2015). Further talking about the activities initiated by the company it shall be noted that in order to gain a competitive advantage in the target market Carsales used the differential focus strategy. Under differential strategy, Carsales provided differential capabilities in the services which they provide in the market. And under the focus strategy, Carsales laid stress on the target market and people who were using the internet at that time. This strategy implication helped the company to adequately focus on the right people and provide the right type of services to them. Due to this strategy, Carsales gained customer satisfaction and competitive edge in the target market as well (Carsales 2018). After attaining competitive advantage, it is important for an organization to maintain that competence as well. So, with respect to that, the management needs to sustain the competitive advantage which they have earned in the market. As the company has used a differentiated model which can be replicated by other competitors in the market to earn profits. This can act as a threat to the organization as it can reduce the uniqueness of the company in the market. So, the company shall maintain their sustainability by expanding their activities in the international external market. Connecting to which, the company is aiming to diversify their business in different channels, markets, and geographical boundaries (Hinterhuber, and Liozu 2014). This expansion process will help the company to promote their activities in the different market create a brand image as well. Resulting in which, imitation or replication of model will not hamper the growth of the company. Lastly, it shall be noted th at the organization is consistently aiming to create benchmark in the market against their competitors which will help the customers to compare the activities of all the organizations and then chose the best company for them. Thus, in this way, Carsales has created competitive advantage in the market and it can sustain them as well (Hoban, and Bucklin 2015). Internal and external factors affecting success of Carsales An organization can gain success in the target market only if both the external and internal factor co-operates the activities of the company. Relating to it, the company Carsales used both of its internal and external resources adequately to earn an identified reputation in the target market. If both the factors (internal and external) work together then only an organization can earn competitive edge in the market. Supposing, if a company is aiming to target a large segment of the market but the products which are being promoted by the company do not hold a large customer base in the market still the company is targeting the whole market. So, the company will not gain appreciation in the market because the internal and external factors of the company do match with each other. So, it shall be noted that the company Carsales adequately used both the factors to gain an advantage in the market. The company used the internal sources in such a way that they developed technology and motiva ted their employees in formulation and implementation of organization objective (Austin, and Pisano 2017). The management of the company effectively and efficiently worked in such a way that it helped the company gain recognition in the market. Further, the management adequately targeted the people as well, whom they wanted to provide their business activities. Selection of correct target market helped the company gain success in the external market. Moreover, the external market assisted the company in its growth in such a way that with the boom in the use of internet people started using the site as well. As people got attracted to the internet, due to which they started using the services provided on the internet as well. Additionally, it shall be concluded that if the company Carsales would have initiated their services and expanded in the external market but the market did not adopt the growth of technology, then the company would have faced failure in their process. Or if the company would have initiated risky approach or premium cost approach then they would not have enjoyed succes s in the market (Wagner III, and Hollenbeck 2014). Growth of Carsales through SWOT Analysis Strength: Strength of Carsales is that the company is capable enough to hold up to the technological implementation present in the market. The company also used the innovative model to initiate changes in the business process and gain success. The company also gained first-mover advantage as it implemented the innovative model and implementation techniques in their business. Weakness: The biggest weakness of the company is threat of replication of the business model. Although the company is initiating expansion activities the replication of business model of Carsales can poorly impact the activities of the company (Low, and Ho 2016). Opportunities: Carsales earned the opportunity in the market to expand their business in different parts of the world. Apart from that, the company has the opportunity to expand their business in different department of vehicles as well. This will provide more income to the company. Threat: The threat to the company is the increasing competition in the target market. New entrants are entering the market so they can decrease the competitive advantage earned by the company (Carsales 2018). The SWOT Analysis explains the internal and external capabilities of an organization which can use to succeed in the global market. SWOT analysis helped Carsales the CEO use their strengths and apply them to the opportunities in a way that the company can earn success in the market. Besides, the threat and weakness will help the company to understand the issues and mitigate them to sustain in the target market. Strengths and weakness are a part of the internal analysis and threats and opportunities are a part of external analysis. Thus this type of analysis tells the management about both the environments which can affect the activities of the company. So, in this way SWOT will help Greg to progress in the external environment (Armstrong, et. al., 2015). Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above-mentioned events, the fact that shall be noted is that it important for an organization to correctly identify resources and capabilities and work on them is such a way that they gain competitive advantage. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Austin, R.D. and Pisano, G.P., 2017. Neurodiversity as a Competitive Advantage.Harvard Business Review, pp.1-9. Bart, Y., Stephen, A.T. and Sarvary, M., 2014. Which products are best suited to mobile advertising? A field study of mobile display advertising effects on consumer attitudes and intentions.Journal of Marketing Research,51(3), pp.270-285. Carsales., 2018. Our Company. Viewed on January 23, 2018 from https://www.carsales.com.au/carsales-info/about-carsales Dudin, M.N., Kucuri, G.N., Fedorova, I.J.E., Dzusova, S.S. and Namitulina, A.Z., 2015. The innovative business model canvas in the system of effective budgeting. Fennis, B.M. and Stroebe, W., 2015.The psychology of advertising. Psychology Press. Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A. and Storbacka, K., 2015. Managing co?creation design: A strategic approach to innovation.British Journal of Management,26(3), pp.463-483. Hinterhuber, A. and Liozu, S.M., 2014. Is innovation in pricing your next source of competitive advantage?.Business Horizons,57(3), pp.413-423. Hoban, P.R. and Bucklin, R.E., 2015. Effects of internet display advertising in the purchase funnel: Model-based insights from a randomized field experiment.Journal of Marketing Research,52(3), pp.375-393. Low, K.Y.J. and Ho, E.Y.C., 2016. A knowledge-based theory of the multinational economic organization.Long Range Planning,49(6), pp.641-647. Nonaka, I. and Toyama, R., 2015. The Knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. InThe essentials of knowledge management(pp. 95-110). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Pearlson, K.E., Saunders, C.S. and Galletta, D.F., 2016.Managing and Using Information Systems, Binder Ready Version: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley Sons. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Pisano, G.P., 2015. You need an innovation strategy.Harvard Business Review,93(6), pp.44-54. Robbins, S P., DeCenzo, D., Coulter, M Woods, W., 2016. Management: The Essentials, 3rd edn, Pearson, Melbourne, Viewed from https://revel.pearson.com Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Importance of arts Essay Summary Example For Students

Importance of arts Essay Summary The evaluation Of art depends directly on the psychological viewpoint from which we approach it. If we want to find out What the relationship between art and life is, if we want to solve the problem of art in terms of applied psychology, we must adopt a valid general theory for solving these problems. The first and most widespread view holds that art infects us with emotions and is therefore based upon contamination. Tolstoy says, The activity of art is based on the capacity of people to infect others with their own emotions and to be infected by the emotions of others. Strong emotions, weak emotions, important emotions, or irrelevant emotions, good emotions or bad emotions if they contaminate the reader, the peculator, or the listener become the subject of art. This statement means that since art is hut common emotion, there is no substantial difference between an ordinary feeling and a telling stirred by art. Consequently, art afflictions simply as a resonator, an amplifier, or a transmitter for the infection of feeling. Art has no specific distinction; hence the evaluation of art must proceed from the same criterion which we use to evaluate any feeling. Art may be good or bad if it infects us with good or bad feelings. Art in itself is neither good nor bad; it is a language of feeling which we must evaluate in accordance with what it expresses Thus, Tolstoy came to the natural conclusion that art must be evaluated from a moral viewpoint, he therefore approved of art that generated good feelings, and objected to art that, from his point of view, represented reprehensible events or actions. Many Other critics reached the same conclusions as did Tolstoy and evaluated a work of art on the basis of its obvious content, while praising or condemning the artist accordingly. Like ethics, like aesthetics this is the slogan of this theory. But Tolstoy soon discovered that his theory failed when he tried to be consistent with his own conclusions. He compared two artistic impressions: one produced by a large chorus of peasant women who were celebrating the marriage of his daughter: and the other, by an accomplished musician who played Beethovens Sonata. The singing of the peasant women expressed such a feeling of joy, cheerfulness, and liveliness that it infected Tolstoy and he went home in high spirits. According to him, such singing is true art, because it communicates a specific and powerful emotion. Since the second impression involved no such specific emotions, he concluded that Beethovens sonata is an unsuccessful artistic attempt which contains no definite emotions ND is therefore neither remarkable nor outstanding. This example shows us the absurd conclusions that can be reached if the critical understanding of art is based upon the criterion of its infectiousness Beethovens music incorporates no definite feeling, while the singing of the peasant women has an elementary and contagious gaiety. If this is true, then Hallelujah is right when he states that real, true art is military or dance music, since it is more catchy. Tolstoy is consistent in his ideas; beside folk songs, he recognizes only marches and dances written by various composers as works that approach the requirements Of universal art. A reviewer Of Tolstoy article, V. G. Falter, points out that if Tolstoy had said that the gaiety of the peasant women put him in a good mood, one could not Object to that. It would mean that the language Of emotions that expressed itself in their singing (it could well have expressed itself simply in yelling and most likely did) infected Tolstoy with their gaiety. But what has this to do with art? Tolstoy does not say whether the women sang well; had they not sung but simply yelled, beating their scythes, their fun and gaiety would have been no less catching, especially on his daughters wedding day. We feel hat if we compare an ordinary yell of fear to a powerful novel in terms of their respective infectiousness, the latter will fail the test. Obviously, to understand art we must add something else to simple infectiousness. Art also produces other impressions, and Longings statement, You must know that the orator pursues one purpose, and the poet another. The purpose of poetry is trepidation, that of prose is expressively, is correct. Tolstoy formula failed to account for the trepidation which is the purpose of poetry. But to prove that he is really wrong, we must look at the art of military and dance music and find out whether the rue purpose of that art is to infect. Patriarchates assumes that aesthetics are wrong when they claim that the purpose of art is to generate aesthetic emotions only. He feels that art produces general emotions, and that aesthetic emotions are merely decorative. Poor instance, the art of a warlike period in the life Off people has as its main purpose the excitation of heroic-bellicose emotions. Even now, military music is not intended to give the soldiers in the field aesthetic enjoyment, but to excite and enhance their belligerent feelings. The purpose of medieval art (including sculpture and architecture) was to produce lofty religious motions. Lyric appeals to one aspect of our emotional psyche, satire to another; the same applies to drama, tragedy, and so on Apart frown the fact that military music does not generate bellicose emotions on the battlefield, the question is not properly formulated here. Vision. Skivvies, for example, comes closer to the truth when he says that military lyrics and music lift the spirit of the army and inspire feats of valor and heroic deeds, but neither of them leads directly to bellicose emotions or belligerent affects. On the contrary, they seem to moderate bellicose ardor, calm an excited nervous system, and chase away ear, We can say that lifting morale, calming nerves, and chasing away fear are among the most important practical functions tot lyrics which result trot their psychological nature, It is therefore wrong to think that music can directly cause warlike emotions; more precisely, it gives bellicose emotions an opportunity for expression, but music as such neither causes nor generates them. Something similar happens with erotic poetry, the sole purpose of which, according to Tolstoy, is to excite lust Anyone who understands the true nature of lyrical emotions knows that Tolstoy is wrong. There is no doubt that lyrical emotion has a soothing effect on all other emotions (and affects) to the point that at times it paralyzes them. This is also the effect it has on sexuality with its emotions and affects. Erotic poetry, if it is truly lyrical, is far less suggestive than works of the visual arts in which the problems of love and the notorious sex problem are treated With the purpose Of producing a moral reaction. Soaking-Skivvies is only partly correct in his assumption that sexual feeling, which is easily excited, is most strongly stirred by images and thoughts, that these images and thoughts re rendered harmless by lyrical emotion, and that mankind is indebted to lyrics, even more than to ethics, for the taming and restraining Of sexual instincts. He underestimates the importance of the other art forms. Which he calls figurative, and does not remark that in their case also emotions provoked by images are counteracted by the analytical emotion of art. Thus we see that Tolstoy theory does not hold in the domain of the applied arts, where he thought its validity to be absolute. As concerns great art (the art of Beethoven and Shakespeare), Tolstoy himself pointed out that his theory is inapplicable. Art would have a lull and ungrateful task if its only purpose were to infect one or many persons with telling. It this were so, its significance would be very small, because there would be only a quantitative expansion and no qualitative expansion beyond an individuals feeling. The miracle of art would then be like the bleak miracle of the Gospel, when five barley loaves and two small fishes fed thousands of people, all of whom ate and were satisfied, and a dozen baskets were filled with the remaining food. This miracle is only quantitative: thousands were fed and were satisfied, but each of them ate only fish and bread. But avgas this not their lily diet at home, without any miracles? If the only purpose off tragic poem were to infect us with the authors sorrow, this would be a very sad situation indeed for art. The miracle of art reminds us much more of another miracle in the Gospel, the transformation of water into wine. Indeed, arts true nature is that of transubstantiation, something that transcends ordinary feelings; for the fear, pain, or excitement caused by art includes something above and beyond its normal, conventional content. This something overcomes feelings Of fear and pain, changes water into wine, and thus fulfills the most important purpose of art. One of the great thinkers said once that art relates to life as wine relates to the grape. With this he meant to say that art takes its material from life, but gives in return something which its material did not contain. Initially, an emotion is individual, and only by means of a work of art does it become social or generalized. But it appears that art by itself contributes nothing to this emotion, It is not clear, then, why art should be viewed as a creative act nor how it differs from an ordinary yell or an orators speech. Where is the trepidation of which Longings spoke, if art is viewed only as an exercise in infectiousness? We legalize that science does not simply infect one person or a whole society with thoughts and ideas, any more than technology helps man to he handy. We can also recognize that art is an expanded social feeling or technique of feelings, as we shall show later. Pleasant states that the relationship between art and life is extremely complex, and he is right. He quotes Attire who investigated the interesting question of buy landscape painting evolved only in the city. If art were intended merely to infect us with the feelings that life communicates to us, then landscape painting could not survive in the city. History, however, proves exactly the opposite. Taint writes, We have the right to admire landscapes, just as they had the right to be bored by it. Gore seventeenth-century man there was nothing uglier than a mountain. It aroused in him many unpleasant ideas, because he was as weary Of barbarianism as we are weary Of civilization. Mountains give us a chance to rest, away from our sidewalks, offices, and shops; we like landscape only for this reason. 6 Pleasant points out that art is sometimes not a direct expression of life, but an expression of its antithesis. The idea, Of course, is not in the leisure Of Which Taint speaks, but in a certain antithesis: art releases an aspect of our psyche which finds no expression in our everyday life. We cannot speak of an infection with emotions. The effect of art is obviously much more varied and complex; no matter how we approach art, we always discover that it involves something different from a simple transmission of feelings. Whether or not we agree with Lancashire that art is a concentration of elite, we must realize that it proceeds from certain live feelings and works upon those feelings, a fact not considered by Tolstoy theory. We have seen that this process is a catharsis the transformation of these feelings into opposite nest and their subsequent resolution. This view of course agrees perfectly with Pleonasms principle of antithesis in art. To understand this we must look at the problem of the biological significance of art, and realize that art is not merely a means for infection but something immeasurably more important in itself, In his Three Chapters of Historic Poetics, Viselike says that ancient singing and playing were born from a complex need for catharsis; a chorus sung during hard and exhausting work regulates muscular effort by its rhythm, and apparently aimless play responds to the subconscious requirement of training ND regulation of physical or intellectual effort. Radical Reconstruction EssayIn this respect art is not subordinated to the principle of the economy tot strength: on the contrary, art is an explosive and sudden expenditure of strength, of forces (psychic and otherwise), a discharge tot energy. A work tot art perceived coldly and prosaically, or processed and treated to be perceived in this way, saves much more energy and force than if it were perceived with the full effect of its artistic form in mind. Although it is an explosive discharge, art does introduce order and harmony into the psychic household, of our feelings. And of course the waste of energy performed by Anna Karen when she experienced the feelings and emotions of the heroes of the novel she was reading is a saving of psychic forces if compared to the actual emotion. A more complex and deeper meaning of the principle of economizing emotions will become clearer it we try to understand the social significance of art. Art is the social within us , and even if its action is performed by a single individual, it does not mean that its essence is individual. It is quite naive and inappropriate to take the social to be collective, as with a large crowd of persons. The social also exists verse there is only one person with his individual experiences and tribulations. This is Why the action Of art, when it performs catharsis and pushes into this purifying flame the most intimate and important experiences, emotions, and feelings Of the soul, is a social action. But this experience does not happen as described in the theory of contamination (where a feeling born in one person infects and contaminates everybody and becomes social), but exactly the other way around. The melting of feelings outside us is performed by the strength of social feeling, which is objective, trivialize, and projected outside of us, then fixed in external objects of art which have become the tools of society. A fundamental characteristic of man, one that distinguishes him from animals, is that he endures and separates from his body both the apparatus tot technology and that tot scientific knowledge, which then become the tools of society. Art is the social technique of emotion, a tool of society which brings the most intimate and personal aspects of our being into the circle of social life, It would be more correct to say that emotion becomes personal when every one of us experiences a work of art; it becomes personal thou ceasing to be social. Art, says Guy, is a condensation of reality; it shows us the human machine under high pressure. It tries to show us more life phenomena than we actually experience. Of course this life, concentrated in art, exerts an effect not only on our emotions but also on our will because emotion contains the seed of Will. Guy correctly attributes a tremendous importance to the role played by art in society. It introduces the effects of passion, violates inner equilibrium, changes Will in a new sense, and stirs feelings, emotions, passions, and vices without which society would remain in an inert and snootiness State. It pronounces the word we were seeking and vibrates the string which wa s strained but soundless. A work of art is the center of attraction, as is the active will of a genius: if Napoleon attracts will, Chronicle and Victor Hugo do so too, but in a different way. Who knows the number of crimes instigated by novels describing murders? Who knows the number of divorces resulting from representations of debauchery? Guy formulates the question in much too primitive a way, because he imagines that art directly causes this or the other emotion. Yet, this never happens. A representation of murder does not cause murder. A scene of debauchery does not inspire divorce: the relationship between art and life is very complex, and in a very approximate way it can be described as will be shown. Henequen sees the difference between aesthetic and real emotion in the fact that aesthetic emotion does not immediately express itself in action. He says, however, that if repeated over and over again, these emotions can become the basis for an individuals behavior; thus, an individual can be affected by the kind of literature he reads. An emotion imparted by a work of art is not capable of expressing itself in immediate actions. In this respect aesthetic feelings differ sharply from actual feelings. But, since they serve an end in themselves, they justify themselves and need not be immediately expressed in any practical activity; aesthetic emotions can, by accumulation and repetition, lead to substantial practical results. These results depend upon the general properties of aesthetic emotion and the particular properties of each of these emotions. Repeated exercises Of a specific group Of feelings under the effect Of invention, imagination, or unreal rondos or causes that generally cannot result in action do not require active manifestations, and doubtless weaken the property common to all real emotions, that of expression in action. l Henequen introduces two very important corrections, but his solution Of the problem remains quite primitive. He is correct in saying that aesthetic emotion does not immediately generate action, that it manifests itself in the change of purpose. He is also correct when he states that aesthetic emotion not only does not generate the actions of which it speaks, but is completely alien to them. On the basis of Guys example, we could say that the reading of novels about murder not only does not incite us to murder, but actually teaches us not to kill; but this point of view of Wineskins, although it is more applicable than the former, is quite simple compared with the subtle function assigned to art. As a matter of fact, art performs an extremely complex action with our passions and goes tar beyond the limits of these two simplistic alternatives. Andrei Belly says that when we listen to music we feel what giants must have felt. Toasty masterfully describes this high tension of art in his Krueger Sonata: Do you know the first place? Do you really know it? he explains. Oh! A sonata is a frightening thing. Yes, this part, precisely. Music, generally, is a frightening thing. What is it? I dont understand. What is music? What does it do? And why does it do whatever it does? They say that music elevates our soul. Rubbish, nonsense! It does work, it has a terrible effect (I am talking for myself, but it certainly does not lift the soul. It does not lift the soul, nor does debase it, but it irritates it. How can I put it? Music makes me Oblivious Of myself; it makes me forget my true position; it transfers me into another position, not mine, not my own: it seems to me, ender the effect Of music, that I feel What dont feel, that I understand What I actually dont understand, cant understand. Music immediately, suddenly, transports me into the mood which must have been that of the man who wrote it. I become one with him, and together with him swing from one mood into another, from one state into another, but why am doing it, I dont know. That fellow, for instance, who wrote the Krueger Sonata, Beethoven, he knew why he was in that state. That state led him to certain actions, and therefore, for him, that state was sensible . For me, it means nothing, it is completely senseless, And this is why music only irritates and achieves nothing. Well, it I play a military march, the soldiers will march in step, and the music has achieved its purpose; if dance music is played, I dance, and the music achieves its purpose. Or, it Mass is sung and I take communion, well, here too the music has achieved its purpose; otherwise, it is only irritation, and no one knows what to do with this irritation. This is why music occasionally has such a horrible,terrifying effect. In China music is an affair of state, and this is how outshoot be Otherwise it could be a terrifying tool in the hands of Take for instance the Krueger Sonata. How can one play its presto in a drawing room, amidst ladies in dà ©colletà ©? Play it, and then busy oneself, then eat some ice cream and listen to the latest gossip? No, these things can be played only in the face of significant, important circumstances, and then it will be necessary to perform certain appropriate acts that fit the music. If it must be played, we must act according to its setting of our mood. Otherwise the incongruity between the place, the time, the waste Of energy, and the feelings which do not manifest themselves will have a disastrous effect. This excerpt from The Krueger Sonata tells us quite convincingly Of the incomprehensibly frightening effect of music for the average listener. It reveals a new aspect Of the aesthetic response and shows that it is not a blank shot, but a response to a work of art, and a new and powerful stimulus for further action. Art requires a reply, it incites certain actions, and Tolstoy quite correctly compares the effect of Beethovens music with that of a dance tune or a march. In the latter case, the excitement created by the music resolves itself in a response, and a feeling of satisfied repose sets in, In the case of Beethovens music we are thrown into a state of confusion and anxiety, because the music reveals those urges and desires that can find a resolution only in exceptionally important and heroic actions. When this music is followed by ice cream and gossip amidst ladies in dà ©colletà ©, we are left in a state of exceptional anxiety, tension, and disarray. But Tolstoy character makes a mistake when he compares the irritating and stimulating effect of this music to the effect produced by a military march, He does not realize that the effect of music reveals itself much more subtly, by means of hidden shocks, stresses, and deformations of our constitution. It may reveal itself unexpectedly, and in an extraordinary way. But in this description, tuft points are made faith exceptional clarity: First, music incites, excites, and irritates in an indeterminate fashion not connected with any concrete reaction, motion, or action. This is proof that its effect is cathartic, that is, it clears our psyche, reveals and calls to life tremendous energies which were previously inhibited and restrained. This, however is a consequence Of art, not its action. Secondly, music has coercive power. Tolstoy suggests that music should be an affair Of State. He believes that music is a public affair. One critic pointed out hat when we perceive a work a work of art we think that our reaction is strictly personal and associated only with ourselves. We believe that it has nothing to do social psychology. But this is as wrong as the opinion off person pays taxes and considers this action only from his own viewpoint own, personal budget, without bearing in mind that he participate the huge and complex economy of the state. He does not reflect that by paying taxes he takes part in involved state operations behooves existence he does not even suspect, This is why Freud is wrong when he says that man stands face to face with the reality of nature, and hat art be derived from the purely biological difference between the principle of enjoyment toward which all our inclinations gravitate, and that tot reality which forces us to renounce satisfaction and pleasure.

Rose For Emily Essays (1412 words) - A Rose For Emily, Emily

Rose For Emily "A Rose for Emily" By William Faulkner Reading this atypical piece of work entitled "A Rose for Emily", written by William Faulkner encourages a sense of thrill and stimulation within. Since Mr. Faulkner resided in Mississippi most of his writings reflect his home state, as does "A Rose for Emily". The first person minor point of view is being told by the townspeople. The main character, Miss Emily, in this short gothic story that took place during the early 1900 hundreds demonstrated a conflict she was having with herself. I think that it is well known that our parents are the backbone to each person's existence. Knowing this, William Faulkner managed to include through the events in the plot an underlining message mixed with a little flowered mockery. Although, Ms. Emily committed murder, she was a victim of her learned environment because of her father and the citizens of Jefferson. This story revolved around one town and one main character. The beginning of this woman's well to do life in a poor southern state consisted only of herself and her domineering father living in the same house until the calling of God summoned her elsewhere. Miss Emily managed to make it to age thirty still being single with only the help of her father and "she would... continue to cling to that which had robbed her"(472). The town's people assumed that "none of the young men were quite good enough for Ms. Emily and such"(471). When the only person in Emily's life passed on, she stood in denial and refused condolences an aid to bury her father from the town ladies. The damage that her father had bestowed upon her by sheltering her from the rest of the world was starting to emerge at the time of his death. By over-protecting Emily and "clutching a horsewhip"(471) to control her life, caused her to become hermit-like in the town she grew up in and knew very well. This creator of Emily must have lead her life for her in every way, fore when he exited the earth, he managed to take a big part of her with him. I believe this caused a confused state in which Emily really didn't know herself, causing her to be so afraid of being alone that townspeople were "trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body... for three days"(471). Emily came upon and involved herself with a second male figure that turned out to be her lover. In the end Emily poisons her lover to keep him from leaving her. The fulfilling plot is retold by the townspeople as if they were all reflecting upon her life and the things they remembered. By the author reflecting back, using the whole town, it gave the story a sense of upcoming purpose. The climax continued to climb starting "when the smell developed"(470) to Emily purchasing the arsenic and finally the very end when the realization was put forth by "a long strand of iron-gray hair"(475) implying that she really killed Homer. The author's tone carried sympathy for Emily as stated by the townspeople, when they said "poor Emily"(472) several times. The characterization of Emily was also provided by the description of her house that had once been white, decorated with a nice roof, steeple, and"scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies"(469), compared to the current portrait given of "an eye sore among eyesores"(469). The townspeople who "had begun to feel really sorry for her"(471), along with her father, all provided an external unhealthy motivation that is responsible for her unthinkable actions of murdering Homer. A mixture of simple to read sentences along with minor dialog made the story easy to understand. I felt the style of writing provided a spirited suspense by not letting on that Homer was dead until the closing paragraphs. For me, stories like that keep me reading until the very end. A story like this, that took place in the south during the early 1900 hundreds basically got away with murder. If the setting for this story would have been present day 2000, it would have upset and infuriated some readers for the fact that a crime was committed and no one were prosecuted. The town officials would have carried more of the blame for not finding out the real cause of that smell. The black servant would have also been charged for not reporting the murder. Basically, any other time and place would have caused the story to lose its

Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper

Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper Become a Real Critic in Your Critical Analysis Paper A critical analysis paper is designed to examine a piece of work or article that has been written by someone else and the goal is to determine how effectively they present their point or argument. It is one of the most difficult pieces because many students don’t understand how to handle this type of assignment. However, by following this advice, you will be able to write your paper like a real critic. Read the Piece a Few Times Read the text you need to write a critical analysis on a few times. While you are reading, be sure to try and answer several questions. You can make some notes on the answers to make sure that you can effectively analyze the piece. What is the artist arguing for or against? Analyze the writer’s thesis statement. Decide the context of the argument. Why is the author arguing for the point? Decide if they have provided a solution to the problem they are discussing. Is the solution plausible? Jot down the Supporting Evidence for the Main Points Has the author utilized the information to support their main point or points? Determine the Author’s Appeal to the Reader How does the author appeal to the reader to persuade them to believe in their point? Do they appeal to emotion (pathos)? How about to their logic or reason (logos)? Or their credibility (ethos)? Draw the Line Do any questions arise when you are reading the piece or have all of the questions been effectively answered? Tips that will help you along the way: Always start by introducing your piece giving the pertinent information like the title and author. You will give a brief summary of what the piece is about as well. You should state the author’s argument early in the piece. Possibly even in the first paragraph. Be sure to discuss all of your main points in the introduction and utilize the other paragraphs to describe the evidence relating to each topic and evaluate them individually. Use citations to support your evaluation. Make sure to properly cite the sources using quotes or paraphrased material. Please keep in mind that a critical analysis varies from a summary. It is a critique of the content. The main purpose is to evaluate the piece of work. You will need to decide if the piece is valid, significant, important, useful, or truthful. When you are writing this type of paper, it will be important to remember that you are analyzing how the content is used, rather than just the content itself. Most writers look at the piece and just think about whether or not the story-line works. The focus needs to be on how the content is written. It should concentrate on how the author uses the information to get their point across. This is an entirely different concept than what most people think of when they are writing this type of paper. Think of the â€Å"why† rather than the â€Å"what† and you will be able to ace at this assignment. It is a good idea to find a sample critical analysis essay paper to help you understand how the paper is handled. Read through a few examples and get some ideas on how to get it done. It can be used as a guide that will help you write your paper effectively. You should have all of the help that you need to get the job done. Good luck.

Perfection Era Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perfection Era - Research Paper Example Given such statement, women was regarded to be the light of every home. Each woman sees to it that their time is primarily devoted to their families and that culture made them the greatest possesion of every home. Thus, relative to this, it also shows that women is knowledgeable, skillfull and dedicated enough to do whatever task is attended to her which therefore confides that such notion can never be set aside and women can strike to deliver great changes. Consequently there was a paradigm shift on this as women started to make their own marks in the industry. One of which is in the world of literary arts. Not only that women excelled as novelists of their time but also women took efforts in teaching and nurturing in the academe of literary arts. This urgency stirred the liberate side of women as they can expressly divulge themselves through the novels, journals and articles that they write. Thus, it also restrained them due to the demands of their responsibilites for their familit ies alongside with the duties that their careers expects from them. They have to balance both responsibilities unto their hands which gave them extra challenge as they face their lives. Likewise, as women slowly unfolds diversities and starting to make a difference, abolitionists also quirked their thirst for accomplishing better. During the second great awakening, abolitionists did end the slavery days of the slaves. Social, political and religous concerns were brought up in a more provocative manner. They took a stand to voice out and fight for what they believe is in the realms of being humane and rightful. Pervertively, such actions also triggered social problems that somewhat worsen the situation due to the abrupt provocative fight of abolitionists. One evident example of the role of the second great awakening in the accompishments made by women and abolitionists is this, â€Å"1834 had been the year of the Lane debates and the Lane rebels much discussed in the abolitionist pr ess. Mob violence against abolitionist speakers and literature was everywhere. In August 1835, Angelina GrimkA © addressed the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women at the Hall, while a mob stoned the windows. That night, mob arsonists burned the brand new Hall to the ground. I started out by saying that I would discuss the role of Seneca County in these movements, and here we are dwelling upon the southerners, Sarah and Angelina GrimkA © and the burning of Pennsylvania Hall in Philadelphia in 1838†( Second Great Awakening n.d.). This shows that the awakening aggrevated the rallying emotions of the people. What seemed to be the exuding genuises of the abolitionists somehow thwart the opinion of the resisters. We can now therefore conclude that women and abolitionists are seemingly quiet at first but when time gave them the chance to be heard everything turned upsidedown. Thus, its a good way of promoting equality and equilibrium in the society. One cannot truly say tha t a specific gender or group is superior than the other. We are made equally therefore we should all be treated with equal chances. With what happened in the second awakening it opened the avenue for more democratic state of the people. From the slightest thing up to the most